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#ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION PPT FREE#
free space propagation and also about frequency dependent layer selection, its respective issues for an effective transmission of information in the form of EM wave to a remote location and related issuesĮLE/Q6102 - Electronic Hardware Design Engineer, ELE/Q7901 - Quality Engineer ,Ĭertification Availability from Knowledge PartnerĬertification Availability from eSkillIndia Knowledge about the means of propagation of Electromagnetic wave i.e.Design a lens structure and also the bench step for antenna parameter measurement of testing for their effectiveness.Understand the design issues, operation of fundamental antennas like Yagi-Uda, Horn antennas and helical structure and also their operation methodology in practice.Understand the Array system of different antennas and field analysis under application of different currents to the individual antenna elements.
In skywave propagation has some threshold value of frequency for the transmission.The course gives an awareness of antenna parameter considerations and analysis of the designed antenna with field evaluations for various conditions. In-ground waves, the height of the antenna is an important factor. Ground waves are not used in FM to transmit the signal. Note: Students should also know that loss of energy in ground wave propagation is due to the diffraction effect. Radio waves of frequency less than 3 MHz are observed in the ionosphere and of frequency greater than 30 MHz can pass through the ionosphere after suffering a small deviation. Therefore radio waves go under total internal reflection. The refractive index of the ionosphere is less than its free space value and it decreases with increases in height. It is also called ionospheric wave propagation. The radio waves from the transmitting antenna propagate through the sky towards the receiver, either directly or by reflection from the ground, this kind of wave propagation is called skywave propagation. We know that our earth is spherical therefore to make the long-distance we need the height of the antenna as long as possible.
Waves in the MHz frequency range are used for space wave propagation. The radio waves which travel directly from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna are also called space waves. It is also called the line of sight propagation. The radio waves from the transmitting antenna propagate through space, around the ground and reach the receiver either directly or by reflection from the ground, this kind of wave propagation I called space wave propagation. Generally, this kind of technique is used for broadcasting purposes. That is why it is favourable only for low-frequency waves only. The more the frequency of waves the more will be losses. Therefore there will be a loss of signal or power. While propagating through the medium waves will have losses as well as absorption. These radio waves induce a current in the ground from which they pass. Ground waves are radio waves that travel or propagate along the surface of the earth. When the radio waves from the transmitting antenna propagate along the surface of the earth, to reach the receiving antenna, the wave propagation is called ground waves or surface wave propagation.
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